Book Design - Caste Based Sexual Violence on Dalit Women

For decades, Dalit women in India have faced systemic violence and discrimination due to their caste and gender, often at the intersection of extreme marginalisation. Despite increased media attention in recent years, particularly following the Hathras case, caste-based sexual violence continues largely with impunity—exacerbated by the failures of state institutions such as the police and medical personnel. Many cases remain invisible, with survivors struggling to access justice, medical care, and psychosocial support.

This report presents findings from a grassroots study conducted by Dalit women human rights defenders across 13 Indian states. Drawing on 50 cases of caste-based sexual violence reported between 2015 and 2021—32 of which occurred between 2019 and 2021—the report underscores the patterns of violence, systemic denial of justice, and the deepened vulnerabilities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns worsened the economic precarity of Dalit women, increasing their exposure to exploitation, while institutional apathy remained unchanged.

By highlighting lived experiences and frontline interventions, this report aims to document the nature and extent of caste-based sexual violence, examine gaps in the justice system, and present actionable recommendations to state and central governments. It is a testament to the resilience of Dalit women who continue to lead the struggle for justice in the face of entrenched caste and gender hierarchies.